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The DOC Fact Sheet claims that Rainbow Lorikeets "
may carry avian disease...... salmonella, avian cholera, and avian TB."...
The DOC Fact Sheet claims that Rainbow Lorikeets "are
prolific with pairs known to rear as many as three successive broods in a single season,
thus enabling the population to increase rapidly"...
The DOC Fact Sheet claims that "In Perth, Western
Australia six or seven birds were released in 1968. By the 1980s their range and
numbers had expanded significantly"...
The DOC Fact Sheet claims that "The Perth population
by the 1980s.... had become a nuisance"...
The DOC Fact Sheet claims that "Australian evidence
supported by people living on the North Shore is that Rainbow Lorikeets are generally
aggressive to, and often dominate all other birds trying to use the same food
source"...
The DOC Fact Sheet claims that:"Because of their ability
to travel they pose a threat to those species whose survival is only possible on Hauraki
Gulf islands which have been cleared of predators. The work of the Department of
Conservation and thousands of volunteers over many years has been placed in
jeopardy"...
The DOC Fact Sheet claims that "Australian
horticulturists regard them as a significant pest"...
The DOC Fact Sheet claims that "In Darwin 80-90% of
some tropical fruit crops are lost to Rainbow Lorikeets. Therefore they would have a
significant economic impact on New Zealands horticulture industry"...
Recommendations
REFERENCES
Crome,
F and Shields, J, Parrots and Pidgeons of Australia, Colins Angus and Robinson
1992
Forshaw, J.M, Australian Parrots, Lansdowne Press 1981a
Forshaw, J.M, Parrots of the World, Lansdowne Press 1981b
HANZAB, Handbook of Australian, NZ, and Antarctic Birds Vol 4, Oxford 1999
Hayman P, Discovering the Birds of New Zealand, Collins, 1984
Lack, D, The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers, Oxford, 1954
Lamont, D, Rainbow Lorikeets: An Avian Weed in the West, Eclectus Oct 1997
Lim, T.K etc, Winged Vertebrate Pest Damage in the Northern Territory, Technical
Bulletin No 209, Primary Industries and Fisheries NT 1993
Long, J. L, Introduced Birds of the World, Reed, 1981
Pizzey, G, A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, Collins 1982
Recher, H.F, Long Term Changes in the Relative Abundance of Birds in Kings Park Perth
WA, Conservation Biology, 1991
Recher, H.F, Impact of Wildfire on the Avifauna of Kings Park, Wildlife Research
CSIRO 1997
Waterhouse R.D, Some observations on the ecology of the Rainbow Lorikeet in Oatley,
South Sydney, Corella 1997
Welty, C.W, The Life of Birds, Constable, 1964 F and Shields, J, Parrots and Pidgeons of Australia, Colins Angus and Robinson
1992
Forshaw, J.M, Australian Parrots, Lansdowne Press 1981a
Forshaw, J.M, Parrots of the World, Lansdowne Press 1981b
HANZAB, Handbook of Australian, NZ, and Antarctic Birds Vol 4, Oxford 1999
Hayman P, Discovering the Birds of New Zealand, Collins, 1984
Lack, D, The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers, Oxford, 1954
Lamont, D, Rainbow Lorikeets: An Avian Weed in the West, Eclectus Oct 1997
Lim, T.K etc, Winged Vertebrate Pest Damage in the Northern Territory, Technical
Bulletin No 209, Primary Industries and Fisheries NT 1993
Long, J. L, Introduced Birds of the World, Reed, 1981
Pizzey, G, A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, Collins 1982
Recher, H.F, Long Term Changes in the Relative Abundance of Birds in Kings Park Perth
WA, Conservation Biology, 1991
Recher, H.F, Impact of Wildfire on the Avifauna of Kings Park, Wildlife Research
CSIRO 1997
Waterhouse R.D, Some observations on the ecology of the Rainbow Lorikeet in Oatley,
South Sydney, Corella 1997
Welty, C.W, The Life of Birds, Constable, 1964 F and Shields, J, Parrots and Pidgeons of Australia, Colins Angus and Robinson
1992
Forshaw, J.M, Australian Parrots, Lansdowne Press 1981a
Forshaw, J.M, Parrots of the World, Lansdowne Press 1981b
HANZAB, Handbook of Australian, NZ, and Antarctic Birds Vol 4, Oxford 1999
Hayman P, Discovering the Birds of New Zealand, Collins, 1984
Lack, D, The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers, Oxford, 1954
Lamont, D, Rainbow Lorikeets: An Avian Weed in the West, Eclectus Oct 1997
Lim, T.K etc, Winged Vertebrate Pest Damage in the Northern Territory, Technical
Bulletin No 209, Primary Industries and Fisheries NT 1993
Long, J. L, Introduced Birds of the World, Reed, 1981
Pizzey, G, A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, Collins 1982
Recher, H.F, Long Term Changes in the Relative Abundance of Birds in Kings Park Perth
WA, Conservation Biology, 1991
Recher, H.F, Impact of Wildfire on the Avifauna of Kings Park, Wildlife Research
CSIRO 1997
Waterhouse R.D, Some observations on the ecology of the Rainbow Lorikeet in Oatley,
South Sydney, Corella 1997
Welty, C.W, The Life of Birds, Constable, 1964
REFERENCES TO NECTARIVORE
RESEARCH IN AUSTRALIA:
Cannon C E, The diet of lorikeets in the Queensland New South Wales border region,
Emu, 1984
Clarke M F, Grey M J, Britton D R & Loyn R L, The Noisy Miner Manorina
melanocephala and rural dieback in remnant eucalypt woodlands, Royal Australasian
Ornithologists Union No. 98, 1995
Clarke M F & Schedvin N, An experimental study of the translocation of Noisy
Miners Manorina melanocephala and difficulties associated with dispersal. Biol Cons 80,
161-167, 1997
Clarke M F & Schedvin N, Removal of Bell Miners Manorina melanophrys from
Eucalyptus radiata forest and its effect on avian diversity, psyllids and tree health.
Biol Cons. 88, 111- 120, 1999
Franklin D, The foraging behaviour of avian nectarivores in a monsoonal Australian
woodland over a six month period, Corella 21(2):448-54, 1997
Franklin D, Menkhorst P & Robinson J, Ecology of the Regent Honeyeater, Emu
89:140- 154, 1989
Franklin D, Menkhorst P & Robinson J, Fighting, form and function in honeyeaters.
RAOU Newsletter No. 74, 1987
Gosper DG & C R, Exotic fruits and and seeds in the diets of Lorikeets in Northern
New South Wales, Australian Bird Watcher 16:255-259, 1996
Grey M J, Clarke M F, & Loyn R H, Initial changes in the avian communities of
remnant eucalypt woodlands following a reduction in the numbers of Noisy Miners Manorina
melanocephala, Wildlife Research 24, pp 631-647, 1997
Grey M J, Clarke M F, & Loyn R H, Influence of the Noisy Miner Manorina
melanocephala on avian diversity and abundance in remnant Grey Box woodland, Pacific
Conservation Biology 4, pp 55-69, 1998
Loyn R H, Runnals RG, Forward G Y, & Tyers J, Territorial Bell Miners and other
birds affecting populations of insect prey, Science 221, pp 1411-1413, 1983
Oliver D L, The breeding behaviour of the endangered Regent Honeyeater near Armidale,
NSW, Australian Journal of Zoology 46, pp 153-170, 1998
Pearce J, Menkhorst P & Burgman M A, Niche overlap and competition for
habitat between the Helmeted Honeyeater and the Bell Miner, Wildlife Research 22: 633-646,
1995
Sewell S and Catterall C P, Bushland modification and styles of urban development:
their impacts on birds in south east Queensland, Wildlife Research 25: 41-64, 1998
Smales I, Menkhorst P, & Horrocks G, The Helmeted Honeyeater recovery program: a
view of its organisation and operation, Transactions of the Royal Zoological Society of
New South Wales, 1995.
Webster R & Menkhorst P, Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia: population status
and ecology in Victoria and New South Wales, Arthur Rylah Institute for
Environmental Research Technical Report Series, Number 126,
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful to all those officers in Wildlife and Horticulture departments
of State Governments in Australia, scholars in Australian Universities, and contributors
from RAOU, who have helped with their time, efforts, and experience in this research.
The author is also grateful to Dr Brian Gill, Ornithologist at the Auckland Museum, for
providing helpful comments on this commentary and supporting documents.
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