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The DOC Fact Sheet claims that Rainbow Lorikeets " may carry avian disease...... salmonella, avian cholera, and avian TB."...

 

The DOC Fact Sheet claims that Rainbow Lorikeets "are prolific with pairs known to rear as many as three successive broods in a single season, thus enabling the population to increase rapidly"...

 

The DOC Fact Sheet claims that "In Perth, Western Australia six or seven birds were released in 1968. By the 1980’s their range and numbers had expanded significantly"...

 

The DOC Fact Sheet claims that "The Perth population by the 1980s.... had become a nuisance"...

 

The DOC Fact Sheet claims that "Australian evidence supported by people living on the North Shore is that Rainbow Lorikeets are generally aggressive to, and often dominate all other birds trying to use the same food source"...

 

The DOC Fact Sheet claims that:"Because of their ability to travel they pose a threat to those species whose survival is only possible on Hauraki Gulf islands which have been cleared of predators. The work of the Department of Conservation and thousands of volunteers over many years has been placed in jeopardy"...

 

The DOC Fact Sheet claims that "Australian horticulturists regard them as a significant pest"...

 

The DOC Fact Sheet claims that "In Darwin 80-90% of some tropical fruit crops are lost to Rainbow Lorikeets. Therefore they would have a significant economic impact on New Zealand’s horticulture industry"...

Recommendations



REFERENCES
Crome,
F and Shields, J, Parrots and Pidgeons of Australia, Colins Angus and Robinson 1992
Forshaw,
J.M, Australian Parrots, Lansdowne Press 1981a
Forshaw,
J.M, Parrots of the World, Lansdowne Press 1981b
HANZAB,
Handbook of Australian, NZ, and Antarctic Birds Vol 4, Oxford 1999
Hayman
P, Discovering the Birds of New Zealand, Collins, 1984
Lack,
D, The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers, Oxford, 1954
Lamont,
D, Rainbow Lorikeets: An Avian Weed in the West, Eclectus Oct 1997
Lim,
T.K etc, Winged Vertebrate Pest Damage in the Northern Territory, Technical Bulletin No 209, Primary Industries and Fisheries NT 1993
Long,
J. L, Introduced Birds of the World, Reed, 1981
Pizzey,
G, A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, Collins 1982
Recher,
H.F, Long Term Changes in the Relative Abundance of Birds in Kings Park Perth WA, Conservation Biology, 1991
Recher, H.F, Impact of Wildfire on the Avifauna of Kings Park, Wildlife Research CSIRO 1997
Waterhouse
R.D, Some observations on the ecology of the Rainbow Lorikeet in Oatley, South Sydney, Corella 1997
Welty,
C.W, The Life of Birds, Constable, 1964 F and Shields, J, Parrots and Pidgeons of Australia, Colins Angus and Robinson 1992
Forshaw,
J.M, Australian Parrots, Lansdowne Press 1981a
Forshaw,
J.M, Parrots of the World, Lansdowne Press 1981b
HANZAB,
Handbook of Australian, NZ, and Antarctic Birds Vol 4, Oxford 1999
Hayman
P, Discovering the Birds of New Zealand, Collins, 1984
Lack,
D, The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers, Oxford, 1954
Lamont,
D, Rainbow Lorikeets: An Avian Weed in the West, Eclectus Oct 1997
Lim,
T.K etc, Winged Vertebrate Pest Damage in the Northern Territory, Technical Bulletin No 209, Primary Industries and Fisheries NT 1993
Long,
J. L, Introduced Birds of the World, Reed, 1981
Pizzey,
G, A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, Collins 1982
Recher,
H.F, Long Term Changes in the Relative Abundance of Birds in Kings Park Perth WA, Conservation Biology, 1991
Recher, H.F, Impact of Wildfire on the Avifauna of Kings Park, Wildlife Research CSIRO 1997
Waterhouse
R.D, Some observations on the ecology of the Rainbow Lorikeet in Oatley, South Sydney, Corella 1997
Welty,
C.W, The Life of Birds, Constable, 1964 F and Shields, J, Parrots and Pidgeons of Australia, Colins Angus and Robinson 1992
Forshaw,
J.M, Australian Parrots, Lansdowne Press 1981a
Forshaw,
J.M, Parrots of the World, Lansdowne Press 1981b
HANZAB,
Handbook of Australian, NZ, and Antarctic Birds Vol 4, Oxford 1999
Hayman
P, Discovering the Birds of New Zealand, Collins, 1984
Lack,
D, The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers, Oxford, 1954
Lamont,
D, Rainbow Lorikeets: An Avian Weed in the West, Eclectus Oct 1997
Lim,
T.K etc, Winged Vertebrate Pest Damage in the Northern Territory, Technical Bulletin No 209, Primary Industries and Fisheries NT 1993
Long,
J. L, Introduced Birds of the World, Reed, 1981
Pizzey,
G, A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, Collins 1982
Recher,
H.F, Long Term Changes in the Relative Abundance of Birds in Kings Park Perth WA, Conservation Biology, 1991
Recher, H.F, Impact of Wildfire on the Avifauna of Kings Park, Wildlife Research CSIRO 1997
Waterhouse
R.D, Some observations on the ecology of the Rainbow Lorikeet in Oatley, South Sydney, Corella 1997
Welty,
C.W, The Life of Birds, Constable, 1964

REFERENCES TO NECTARIVORE RESEARCH IN AUSTRALIA:
Cannon
C E, The diet of lorikeets in the Queensland New South Wales border region, Emu, 1984
Clarke
M F, Grey M J, Britton D R & Loyn R L, The Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala and rural dieback in remnant eucalypt woodlands, Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union No. 98, 1995
Clarke
M F & Schedvin N, An experimental study of the translocation of Noisy Miners Manorina melanocephala and difficulties associated with dispersal. Biol Cons 80, 161-167, 1997
Clarke
M F & Schedvin N, Removal of Bell Miners Manorina melanophrys from Eucalyptus radiata forest and its effect on avian diversity, psyllids and tree health. Biol Cons. 88, 111- 120, 1999
Franklin
D, The foraging behaviour of avian nectarivores in a monsoonal Australian woodland over a six month period, Corella 21(2):448-54, 1997
Franklin
D, Menkhorst P & Robinson J, Ecology of the Regent Honeyeater, Emu 89:140- 154, 1989
Franklin
D, Menkhorst P & Robinson J, Fighting, form and function in honeyeaters. RAOU Newsletter No. 74, 1987
Gosper
DG & C R, Exotic fruits and and seeds in the diets of Lorikeets in Northern New South Wales, Australian Bird Watcher 16:255-259, 1996
Grey
M J, Clarke M F, & Loyn R H, Initial changes in the avian communities of remnant eucalypt woodlands following a reduction in the numbers of Noisy Miners Manorina melanocephala, Wildlife Research 24, pp 631-647, 1997
Grey
M J, Clarke M F, & Loyn R H, Influence of the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala on avian diversity and abundance in remnant Grey Box woodland, Pacific Conservation Biology 4, pp 55-69, 1998
Loyn
R H, Runnals RG, Forward G Y, & Tyers J, Territorial Bell Miners and other birds affecting populations of insect prey, Science 221, pp 1411-1413, 1983
Oliver
D L, The breeding behaviour of the endangered Regent Honeyeater near Armidale, NSW, Australian Journal of Zoology 46, pp 153-170, 1998
Pearce
J, Menkhorst P & Burgman M A, Niche overlap and competition for habitat between the Helmeted Honeyeater and the Bell Miner, Wildlife Research 22: 633-646, 1995
Sewell
S and Catterall C P, Bushland modification and styles of urban development: their impacts on birds in south east Queensland, Wildlife Research 25: 41-64, 1998
Smales
I, Menkhorst P, & Horrocks G, The Helmeted Honeyeater recovery program: a view of its organisation and operation, Transactions of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1995.
Webster
R & Menkhorst P, Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia: population status and ecology in Victoria and New South Wales, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series, Number 126, 

Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to all those officers in Wildlife and Horticulture departments of State Governments in Australia, scholars in Australian Universities, and contributors from RAOU, who have helped with their time, efforts, and experience in this research.

The author is also grateful to Dr Brian Gill, Ornithologist at the Auckland Museum, for providing helpful comments on this commentary and supporting documents.

 


 

A covering letter    Letter to Ministry of Agriculture    Letter to Dr Smith    Birkenhead Poster

DOC's Fact Sheet     Rainbow Lorikeets-unwanted Organism     DOC's Budget-shooting and trapping

THE RAINBOW TRUST, PO BOX 34-892 BIRKENHEAD